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Fair Work & DismissalAustralia

Unfair Dismissal Application — Grounds & Submissions (Form F2, Australia)

If you have been sacked and believe the dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable, you can apply to the Fair Work Commission for an unfair dismissal remedy — but you have just 21 days. Our Australian template produces the grounds and submissions to attach to your Form F2: it argues your case criterion by criterion against section 387 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth), calculates the 21-day deadline from the date your dismissal took effect, clears the jurisdiction and eligibility points, and sets out whether you want reinstatement or compensation.

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Unfair Dismissal Application — Grounds and Submissions
In Support Of An Application To The Fair Work Commission Under S 394 Of The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) · 9 June 2026
Daniel R. Okafor
12 Wattle Grove, Preston VIC 3072
0413 778 204
daniel.okafor@email.com.au
9 June 2026
The General Manager, Fair Work Commission
Fair Work Commission
GPO Box 1994
Melbourne VIC 3001
UNFAIR DISMISSAL — GROUNDS AND SUBMISSIONS (FORM F2)
Applicant: Daniel R. Okafor · Respondent: Northbridge Logistics Pty Ltd
To the Fair Work Commission,

I, Daniel R. Okafor, apply for an unfair dismissal remedy under section 394 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) in respect of my dismissal by Northbridge Logistics Pty Ltd, which took effect on 26 May 2026. These grounds and submissions accompany my Form F2. I say that the dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable within the meaning of section 385 of the Act, and I ask the Commission for the remedy set out below.
1.
APPLICANT AND EMPLOYMENT DETAILS
Applicant: Daniel R. Okafor
Employer (respondent): Northbridge Logistics Pty Ltd (ABN 54 112 889 047)
Position held: Warehouse Team Leader, engaged as a full-time employee
Employment commenced: 3 February 2023
Telephone: 0413 778 204
Email: daniel.okafor@email.com.au
2.
THE DISMISSAL
Date the dismissal took effect: 26 May 2026
Nature of the dismissal: summary dismissal (dismissed without notice).
The 21-day period to apply under section 394(2) therefore runs from the following day and ends on 16 June 2026 (if that day is a public holiday it moves to the next business day). The application must reach the Commission by 11:59 pm on the final day; the Commission may allow further time only in exceptional circumstances (section 394(3)).
3.
WHY THE DISMISSAL WAS HARSH, UNJUST OR UNREASONABLE
I was summarily dismissed for "serious misconduct" after a single disputed stocktake discrepancy. I was given no warning, no chance to explain, and was refused a support person at the meeting. The discrepancy was a system error later corrected by the night shift, and three years of clean performance reviews were ignored.
4.
REMEDY SOUGHT
I ask the Commission to order reinstatement and, if the Commission is satisfied reinstatement is inappropriate, compensation in lieu. I understand that under section 390 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) the Commission must first consider whether reinstatement is appropriate, and may order compensation under section 392 only where it is satisfied that reinstatement is inappropriate.
5.
SUBMISSIONS ON THE SECTION 387 CRITERIA
In deciding whether the dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable, the Commission must take each of the matters in section 387 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) into account. As McHugh and Gummow JJ explained in Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410, a dismissal may be unjust because the employee was not guilty of the conduct relied on, unreasonable because it rested on inferences that could not reasonably be drawn, or harsh in its consequences or because it is disproportionate to the conduct. I make the following submissions against the criteria:

(a) No valid reason (s 387(a)): There was no valid reason for the dismissal relating to my capacity or conduct. A valid reason must be "sound, defensible or well founded" and not capricious, fanciful or prejudiced (Selvachandran v Peteron Plastics Pty Ltd (1995) 62 IR 371). The reason relied on does not meet that standard on the facts set out below.

(b) Not notified of the reason (s 387(b)): I was not notified of the reason for the dismissal in clear terms before the decision to dismiss was made, so I had no genuine chance to address it.

(c) No opportunity to respond (s 387(c)): I was not given a real opportunity to respond to the reason relating to my capacity or conduct before the decision was made.

(d) Support person refused (s 387(d)): The employer unreasonably refused to allow me a support person to assist at discussions relating to the dismissal.

(e) No warning about performance (s 387(e)): The dismissal was said to relate to unsatisfactory performance, yet I was not warned about that performance, or given a reasonable opportunity to improve, before being dismissed.

The Commission must also weigh the size of the employer's enterprise and any absence of dedicated human resource expertise (s 387(f)-(g)) and any other relevant matters (s 387(h)).

The facts in support: On 22 May 2026 the operations manager called me into a meeting, told me a stocktake showed a 4,200 AUD shortfall and dismissed me on the spot for serious misconduct. I asked to have a colleague present and was refused. I was not told the basis of the figure and was given no opportunity to respond. The shortfall was a scanning error in the warehouse management system, corrected by the night shift on 24 May 2026 and confirmed in the corrected stock report. I had no prior warnings and my last performance review (March 2026) was rated "exceeds expectations".
6.
JURISDICTION AND ELIGIBILITY
Under section 396 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) the Commission decides four initial matters before the merits: whether the application was made within time, whether I am a person protected from unfair dismissal, whether the dismissal was consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code, and whether it was a case of genuine redundancy. I address them as follows.

Minimum employment period: I have completed the minimum employment period of 6 months required by section 383 of the Act for an employer that is not a small business, so I am a person protected from unfair dismissal under section 382.
Award / agreement coverage: My employment is covered by the Road Transport and Distribution Award 2020 (MA000038).
High income threshold: I am covered by a modern award or enterprise agreement, so the high income threshold does not exclude me from protection.
Genuine redundancy: This was not a case of genuine redundancy within section 389 — my role was not genuinely redundant and the consultation and redeployment obligations were not met.
7.
EVIDENCE SCHEDULE
The following evidence supports this application and is provided so that it is before the Commission at conciliation and, if necessary, at hearing:
1. Corrected stock report from the warehouse management system (dated 24 May 2026) — the 4,200 AUD discrepancy was a scanning error, corrected by the night shift
2. Performance review record (dated March 2026) — rating of "exceeds expectations" with no conduct concerns
3. Email requesting a support person and the manager's refusal (dated 22 May 2026) — the request for, and refusal of, a support person at the dismissal meeting
All listed items are enclosed with these submissions.
Notes on the evidence: No warning letter or show-cause notice exists, because none was ever issued — the dismissal was decided in a single meeting.
8.
REMEDY AND LOSS
Reinstatement (s 390-391): Reinstatement is the primary remedy and is appropriate here. My role remains filled by a labour-hire worker and the relationship with my immediate team is intact; reinstatement to the Warehouse Team Leader position is practical, and I ask for an order maintaining continuity of service and restoring lost pay.

Compensation (s 392): If reinstatement is not ordered, I seek compensation for the remuneration I have lost and would have earned but for the dismissal. The amount is assessed on the approach in Sprigg v Paul's Licensed Festival Supermarket (1998) 88 IR 21 — estimating the remuneration I would have received, deducting earnings and contingencies — and is capped at the lesser of my remuneration in the 26 weeks before the dismissal or half the high income threshold ($91,550 for a dismissal on or after 1 July 2025). Compensation does not include any amount for shock, distress or humiliation. My gross weekly pay was 1,485.00 AUD.

Steps to mitigate loss: I registered with two transport recruitment agencies the week after the dismissal and have applied for 11 comparable roles. I began casual shifts at a different warehouse on 9 June 2026 earning about 620 AUD a week, which should be deducted from any compensation.

Other loss: I have also lost employer superannuation contributions of 12% on my ordinary earnings and the notice I would have been entitled to had the dismissal been on notice rather than summary.
9.
CONCILIATION AND NEXT STEPS
I ask that this matter be listed for conciliation in the first instance, and I am willing to take part in conciliation in good faith. If it is not resolved, I ask that it proceed to a conference or hearing for determination. I confirm that the Fair Work Commission is the correct body for this application — it is not a matter for the Fair Work Ombudsman — and I look forward to the Commission's directions.
YOURS FAITHFULLY,
Daniel R. Okafor
Applicant
Date: ____________________
APPLICANT
Daniel R. Okafor
Date: ____________________

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What Is an Unfair Dismissal Application?

An unfair dismissal application asks the <strong>Fair Work Commission</strong> to find that your dismissal was <strong>harsh, unjust or unreasonable</strong> and to order a remedy. It is made on <strong>Form F2</strong> under section 394 of the <strong>Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth)</strong>, and the strength of the application turns on the written grounds you attach. This template produces those grounds — the document is the argument; the Form F2 is the cover.

The deadline is unforgiving. An application must <strong>reach the Commission within 21 days</strong> after the dismissal took effect (s 394(2)); if the 21st day is a weekend or public holiday it moves to the next business day, and the Commission will extend time only in exceptional circumstances (s 394(3)). The template calculates that date for you from the day your dismissal took effect, so the most common way to lose a strong case — lodging late — is removed.

A dismissal is unfair under section 385 only if it was harsh, unjust or unreasonable, not consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code, and not a genuine redundancy. Before the merits, the Commission decides four initial matters under section 396 — time, whether you are protected, Code compliance and genuine redundancy — so a good application clears those first, then argues the section 387 criteria: was there a valid reason, were you notified, given a chance to respond, allowed a support person, and warned about performance.

What's Covered in This Template

The grounds follow the structure the Fair Work Commission and the employer work through — the dismissal, the s 387 criteria, jurisdiction, evidence and remedy — and adapt to how you were dismissed and what you want.

Calculated 21-Day Deadline

Enter the date the dismissal took effect and the template works out the 21-day lodgment deadline (s 394(2)), rolling weekends to the next business day — so you lodge in time.

Section 387 Criteria, Point by Point

The Expert grounds argue each criterion — valid reason, notification, opportunity to respond, support person, warnings — using the standard in Selvachandran and the distinctions in Byrne v Australian Airlines.

Jurisdiction & Eligibility

Addresses the s 396 initial matters: the minimum employment period (6 months, or 12 for a small business), award or agreement coverage, the high income threshold and Small Business Fair Dismissal Code compliance.

Evidence Schedule

A numbered, dated list of the dismissal letter, payslips, performance records and witness accounts — the material that moves a conciliation settlement.

Reinstatement or Compensation

Frames the remedy under ss 390-392 — reinstatement first, or compensation assessed on the Sprigg approach and capped at the lesser of 26 weeks' pay or half the high income threshold ($91,550).

Dismissal Type Aware

Adapts to a summary dismissal, a dismissal with notice, or a forced resignation (constructive dismissal).

Conciliation Positioning

Asks for conciliation in the first instance and frames your position so the matter can settle before a conference or hearing.

Formal Australian Format

Letterhead, the Fair Work Commission as recipient, a subject line and a single applicant signature block — ready to attach to your Form F2.

How to Create Your Unfair Dismissal Grounds

Five steps from the date of your dismissal to a lodged Form F2 with strong grounds.

  1. 1

    Check the Date and the Deadline

    Enter the date your dismissal took effect. The template calculates the 21-day deadline — count from the day after, and lodge well before it, because exceptional circumstances are rarely accepted.

  2. 2

    Describe the Dismissal

    Say how you were dismissed — summarily, with notice, or by forced resignation — and give two or three sentences on why it was harsh, unjust or unreasonable.

  3. 3

    Argue the s 387 Criteria (Expert)

    Answer whether there was a valid reason, whether you were notified, given a chance to respond, allowed a support person and warned — the template builds the structured submission around your facts.

  4. 4

    Clear Jurisdiction and Schedule Evidence (Expert)

    Confirm the minimum employment period, award coverage and threshold, and list each supporting document with its date and what it shows.

  5. 5

    Lodge the Form F2 and Attach the Grounds

    Lodge Form F2 through the Fair Work Commission online lodgment service or by post, attach these grounds, and keep proof of the lodgment date. The fee for 2025-26 is $89.70, and it can be waived for hardship.

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Legal Considerations

Unfair dismissal sits inside the national Fair Work system, with a strict deadline and threshold rules that decide the claim before its merits.

This template provides general information for employees in the Australian national workplace relations system and is not legal advice. Unfair dismissal is decided by the Fair Work Commission, not the Fair Work Ombudsman. For complex matters — high income, contested jurisdiction, or large compensation claims — get advice from an employment lawyer or your union. If a general protections claim (a dismissal for exercising a workplace right or because of a protected attribute) fits better, that is a different application and you cannot run both about the same dismissal.

Reviewed for Australian employment law

The 21-Day Deadline (s 394)

An unfair dismissal application must reach the <strong>Fair Work Commission</strong> within <strong>21 days</strong> after the dismissal took effect (s 394(2) of the <strong>Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth)</strong>). The Commission may allow further time only in exceptional circumstances (s 394(3)), and "I didn't know about the deadline" is generally not enough. If the 21st day falls on a weekend or public holiday, it moves to the next business day, and the application must arrive by 11:59 pm.

Who Is Protected (ss 382-383)

You are protected from unfair dismissal if you have completed the minimum employment period — <strong>6 months</strong>, or <strong>12 months</strong> if the employer is a small business with fewer than 15 employees (s 383) — and you are either covered by a modern award or enterprise agreement, or earn below the high income threshold (<strong>$183,100</strong> from 1 July 2025). The Commission decides these matters first, under s 396.

Harsh, Unjust or Unreasonable (ss 385, 387)

A dismissal is unfair under s 385 if it was harsh, unjust or unreasonable, not consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code, and not a genuine redundancy. Section 387 lists the criteria the Commission weighs: a valid reason related to capacity or conduct, notification of it, an opportunity to respond, any unreasonable refusal of a support person, and warnings about performance. As held in Selvachandran v Peteron Plastics, a valid reason must be "sound, defensible or well founded".

Remedy — Reinstatement First (ss 390-392)

The Commission must first consider reinstatement (s 390); it can order compensation (s 392) only if reinstatement is inappropriate. Compensation is assessed using the Sprigg formula and is capped at the lesser of your remuneration for the 26 weeks before the dismissal or half the high income threshold (<strong>$91,550</strong> for a dismissal on or after 1 July 2025). It does not include any amount for shock, distress or humiliation.

Related Australian Templates

If you were dismissed for exercising a workplace right or because of a protected attribute, use our general protections application (Form F8) instead — the compensation there is uncapped. For unpaid wages, see our wage underpayment demand letter; for workplace bullying or sexual harassment, our stop bullying and sexual harassment application (Form F72). Our casual conversion notice and termination letter cover related Fair Work situations from the employee and employer sides.

Frequently Asked Questions

Lodge On Time, On the Right Grounds

Create your unfair dismissal grounds and submissions in minutes: a calculated 21-day deadline, the s 387 criteria argued point by point, and a clear remedy position in formal Australian format. Download the PDF free, or unlock Expert for the full criteria, jurisdiction, evidence and remedy sections.

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