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A Limited Partnership Agreement governs the relationship between a General Partner (who manages the business and bears unlimited liability) and one or more Limited Partners (whose liability is capped at their capital contribution). Used widely in Canadian private equity, venture capital, real estate funds and tax-efficient investment vehicles, the Limited Partnership is governed provincially under the Ontario Limited Partnerships Act, the BC Partnership Act Part 3, the Alberta Partnership Act Part 2 and the Quebec Civil Code société en commandite framework. Our free template covers the partnership formation, capital structure, distributions, and the four high-stakes Expert layers (reserved matters, fund economics, transfer and admission, indemnification and dispute resolution).
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| Northbridge GP Inc. — General Partner (2% interest) | Contributed 10,000.00 CAD |
| David R. Nguyen — Limited Partner (49% interest) | Committed 500,000.00 CAD · Contributed 250,000.00 CAD |
| Priya Patel — Limited Partner (49% interest) | Committed 500,000.00 CAD · Contributed 250,000.00 CAD |
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A Limited Partnership Agreement (LPA) is the written constitution of a Canadian limited partnership — a business structure with at least one General Partner who manages the business and bears unlimited personal liability, and one or more Limited Partners whose liability is capped at their committed capital contribution. The Limited Partnership is widely used in Canada for private equity funds, venture capital funds, real estate development and investment vehicles, oil and gas exploration ventures, family investment partnerships, and any structure where passive investors want flow-through tax treatment without unlimited personal liability.
Limited partnerships are creatures of statute in every Canadian province. In Ontario, the controlling Act is the Limited Partnerships Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. L.16, which requires a declaration to be filed with the Registrar (renewed every five years) and prescribes the limits within which a Limited Partner may engage in the partnership without losing the liability shield. In British Columbia, Part 3 of the Partnership Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 348, requires a certificate of limited partnership filed with the BC Registrar of Companies. In Alberta, Part 2 of the Partnership Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. P-3, applies. In Quebec, the société en commandite is governed by articles 2236-2249 of the Civil Code of Québec.
Pursuant to subsection 96(1) of the Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.), a Canadian limited partnership is not a separate taxable entity — income, losses, deductions and credits flow through to the partners in proportion to their partnership interest, reported on each partner's personal or corporate tax return. This flow-through tax treatment, combined with the limited liability shield for Limited Partners, makes the Limited Partnership the dominant structure for Canadian private fund vehicles. Without a well-drafted LPA, the statutory defaults apply — typically inappropriate for sophisticated fund structures and frequently disadvantageous to Limited Partners.
Our Limited Partnership Agreement template covers every element a Canadian fund-formation or commercial lawyer would expect.
Partnership name, registered office, business purpose, effective date, term, fiscal year-end and governing province.
Mandatory single managing partner — name, address, corporate-vs-individual flag, authorising signatory, contribution and interest. Bears unlimited liability and exclusive management authority.
Mandatory first Limited Partner plus optional repeatable additional Limited Partners — name, address, capital commitment, contribution and interest. Liability strictly limited to committed capital.
Additional capital call mechanism, distribution frequency (annual/semi-annual/quarterly), distribution basis (pro-rata to capital / interest / contribution).
Filing status of the provincial declaration, who files annual renewals, CRA representative for the partnership information return, GST/HST registration.
Reserved matters requiring Limited Partner consent: borrowings above a stated threshold, admission of new Limited Partners, change in business purpose. Includes a custom-reserved-matter field.
Preferred-return hurdle rate, General Partner carried interest, General Partner management fee — the three core levers of a Canadian private fund LPA.
Limited Partner transfer mechanics (consent required), admission of new Limited Partners (GP discretion), General Partner removal for cause (Limited Partner supermajority).
General Partner indemnification scope, dispute resolution mechanism (mediation → arbitration), arbitration seat.
Automatically tracks the Limited Partnerships Act / Partnership Act of the governing province with chapter references for ON / BC / AB / QC.
Follow these steps to produce a Limited Partnership Agreement that satisfies the provincial declaration requirement and protects both the General Partner and the Limited Partners.
The province of formation determines the controlling Limited Partnerships Act and the filing regime. Ontario, BC and Alberta are the most common for sophisticated funds; Quebec uses the civil-law société en commandite. The Expert tier auto-applies the correct province-specific statute and filing language.
The General Partner manages the business and bears unlimited liability. For institutional fund structures, the General Partner is typically a single-purpose corporation (GP Co.) to ring-fence the unlimited liability. Family / closely-held partnerships may use an individual General Partner.
Each Limited Partner makes a binding capital commitment (e.g., $500,000) but typically contributes only a portion upfront, with the balance subject to capital calls from the General Partner over the fund's investment period.
Distributions flow up to the Limited Partners according to a defined waterfall. The simplest is pro-rata to committed capital. Fund-style structures use a preferred-return / catch-up / carried-interest waterfall (typically 8% preferred return + 20% carried interest to the General Partner).
Within the prescribed period (typically 30 days of formation), file the declaration / certificate of limited partnership with the provincial registrar. Ontario LP declarations require five-year renewals; BC certificates do not expire but must be updated on any material change.
Limit the General Partner's authority on specified high-stakes matters: borrowings above a threshold, admission of new Limited Partners, changes to the business purpose, distributions outside the waterfall. Reserved matters require explicit Limited Partner consent.
Record the preferred return hurdle rate, the General Partner's carried interest percentage and the management fee — the three commercial levers that distinguish a sophisticated LPA from a generic one.
Address how Limited Partner interests may be transferred (typically General Partner consent + first refusal rights for other Limited Partners), how new Limited Partners are admitted, and the circumstances in which the General Partner may be removed for cause.
Four things that make our templates more thorough than AI-generated drafts and more current than static template libraries.
Drafted with legal expertise for each jurisdiction, far more thorough than AI-generated drafts that copy generic clauses across borders.
Templates carrying statute references are continuously updated as the law changes. Your document always reflects the current legal framework.
Free to download. Vector text, embedded fonts, statute citations baked in. Print, sign, file. Ready for any signing flow including electronic signature.
Continue editing in Word after download. Add custom clauses, reuse the template for similar agreements, or share with a colleague for collaborative review.
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Limited partnerships are governed by an overlay of provincial Limited Partnerships Acts (or Partnership Acts), the federal Income Tax Act, securities legislation and contract law.
This template is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Limited partnerships are complex legal vehicles that engage tax, securities, fund and partnership law. Consult a qualified Canadian fund-formation lawyer for advice specific to your situation, particularly where the partnership will hold real estate, raise capital from investors (engaging the National Instrument 45-106 prospectus exemptions), or operate as a private equity / venture capital fund.
Reviewed for Canadian law
In Ontario, the Limited Partnerships Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. L.16, governs the formation, operation and dissolution of limited partnerships. Section 3 requires the filing of a declaration with the Registrar within thirty (30) days of formation; the declaration must be renewed every five (5) years. Section 13 sets out the liability shield — a Limited Partner's liability is limited to the amount of the Limited Partner's capital contribution, provided the Limited Partner does not take part in the management of the business. In British Columbia, Part 3 (sections 49 to 91) of the Partnership Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 348, governs the same matters and requires a certificate of limited partnership filed with the BC Registrar of Companies. In Alberta, Part 2 of the Partnership Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. P-3, applies. Other common-law provinces have analogous legislation.
The defining feature of the limited partnership is that the Limited Partner's liability is capped at the Limited Partner's committed capital — provided the Limited Partner does not "take part in the management of the business" (Ontario LPA s. 13(2); BC Partnership Act s. 64). What constitutes "taking part in management" is heavily litigated. The safe harbour: voting on amendments to the LPA, consenting to admission of new partners, voting on dissolution, voting on reserved matters specified in the LPA, and acting as a director / officer of a corporate Limited Partner — all explicitly NOT considered taking part in management. The unsafe practices: actively negotiating contracts, supervising employees, signing cheques on behalf of the partnership.
Quebec uses the civil-law société en commandite, governed by articles 2236 to 2249 of the Civil Code of Québec, C.Q.L.R. c. CCQ-1991. The Quebec framework parallels the common-law model: a special partner (commanditaire) whose liability is limited to the agreed contribution, and a general partner (commandité) with unlimited liability. The declaration is filed with the Registraire des entreprises du Québec (REQ). Quebec-formed limited partnerships are widely used in Canadian fund structures because Quebec offers favourable treatment for non-Quebec institutional investors.
Pursuant to subsection 96(1) of the Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.), the Canadian limited partnership is not a separate taxable entity. Income, losses, deductions and credits are computed at the partnership level and allocated to each partner in proportion to the partner's partnership interest. Each partner reports its share on its own personal (T1) or corporate (T2) tax return. The partnership itself files an annual information return (T5013) with CRA. This flow-through treatment is the principal reason the LP structure is used for fund vehicles — investors avoid the double taxation of corporate-fund returns.
Subsection 96(2.1) of the Income Tax Act limits a Limited Partner's ability to deduct partnership losses to the Limited Partner's "at-risk amount" — broadly, the Limited Partner's capital contribution less any benefit conferred by the partnership on the partner. Losses above the at-risk amount are suspended and carried forward to future years when the at-risk amount is replenished. The at-risk rules are central to the tax planning around any Limited Partnership structure and should be considered in the design of the capital structure.
Where a Limited Partnership raises capital from investors, the partnership interests are "securities" under provincial securities legislation. Distribution of partnership interests must rely on an exemption from the prospectus requirement (typically the accredited-investor exemption in section 2.3 of National Instrument 45-106, or the offering-memorandum exemption in section 2.9 for retail investors). Fund LPAs must be paired with a subscription agreement, an offering memorandum (where applicable), and the prescribed Form 45-106F1 report of exempt distribution filed within ten (10) days of each closing.
A Limited Partnership is a "person" for GST/HST purposes under the Excise Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-15, and must register, collect and remit GST/HST if it carries on commercial activity exceeding the $30,000 small-supplier threshold over four consecutive quarters. The General Partner is typically the day-to-day GST/HST filer for the partnership. Real estate Limited Partnerships have particular GST/HST complexity around joint-venture elections and rebates.
Build a province-aware Limited Partnership Agreement in minutes. The Free version produces a working bilateral agreement (General Partner + Limited Partners, capital structure, distributions, registration). Upgrade to Expert to add reserved matters with Limited Partner consent thresholds, the preferred-return / carried-interest / management-fee fund economics, transfer and admission mechanics, General Partner removal for cause, indemnification and dispute resolution — the four layers that distinguish a sophisticated fund LPA from a generic template.
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